Journal: FEMS Microbiology Ecology

Article Title: Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience

doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiaf113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilms of A. baldaniorum Sp245CH and P. fluorescens A506G when inoculated individually on lettuce roots and exudates. CSLM images showing the localization of Sp245CH or A506G, without or with the addition of the bright field (BF). (A–C) Biofilms formed on the inoculated zone of the exudate-containing agar by Sp245CH (A) and A506G either in early (B) or late stage (C) of maturation. (D–G) Sp245CH growth pattern along the primary root-agar interface (D), and its distribution on the primary root surface (E), lateral root primordia (F) and root tip (G). (H–N) Images of A506G on the root surface (H); forming biofilms on the primary root-agar interface (I and J); growing on the base of root hairs (K and L) their exudates (M); and colonizing the root apex (N). Images were obtained by CLSM (A-C, E–H, K, and N) or EFM (D, I, J, L, and M). The bar in each image represents 100 µm.

Article Snippet: After this period, biofilms were visualized by epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) (TE-300, Nikon, Japan) or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (C1, Nikon, Japan), as detailed elsewhere (Diaz et al. ).

Techniques: